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In 1710, Thomas Woolhouse reported the case of another blind man who perceived colors in response to sounds. [7] Numerous other philosophers and scientists, including Isaac Newton (1704), Erasmus Darwin (1790) and Wilhelm Wundt (1874) may have referred to synesthesia, or at least synesthesia-like mappings between colors and musical notes.
The genetic mechanism of synesthesia has long been debated, with researchers previously claiming it was a single X-linked trait due to seemingly higher prevalence in women and no evidence of male-male transmission [1] This is where the only synesthetic parent is male and the male child has synesthesia, [2] [3] meaning that the trait cannot be solely linked to the X chromosome.
Psychologists and neuroscientists study synesthesia not only for its inherent appeal but also for the insights it may give into cognitive and perceptual processes that occur in synesthetes and non-synesthetes alike. Synesthesia is now the topic of scientific books and papers, Ph.D. theses, documentary films, and even novels. [citation needed]
Synesthesia is when input from one sense triggers the brain to associate it with another sensory experience. Dr. Hersh: Synesthesia occurs when more than one sense is experienced simultaneously ...
There are many forms of lexical–gustatory synesthesia and the various taste sensations linked to the neurological condition vary widely from synesthete to synesthete. [7] Examples of many well-known synesthetic taste experiences are recorded in case studies with singular participants that demonstrate the variability of the condition.
In this case, it might be possible to temporarily have synesthetic experiences after taking drugs like LSD or mescaline. Indeed, some psychedelic drug users report synesthesia-like experiences, although the exact degree of similarity between these drug induced experiences and congenital synesthesia is still unclear (Luke & Terhune 2013).
Following that, there is a list of people who are often wrongly believed to have had synesthesia because they used it as a device in their art, poetry or music (referred to as pseudo-synesthetes). Estimates of prevalence of synesthesia have ranged widely, from 1 in 4 to 1 in 25,000 – 100,000.
In a study investigating variability within categories of synesthesia, 40% of subjects with chromesthesia for spoken words reported that voice pitch, accent, and prosody influenced the synesthetic color, whereas few subjects reported that volume or speed of talking had any influence. [8]