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Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include pericarditis, heart attack, cholecystitis, pulmonary embolism, and pneumothorax. [3] Diagnostic testing may include a chest X-ray, electrocardiogram (ECG), and blood tests. [3] [6] Treatment depends on the underlying cause. [3]
A coin test (or a bell metal resonance) is a medical diagnostic test used to test for a punctured lung. A punctured lung can cause air or fluid to leak into the pleural cavity, leading to, for example, pneumothorax or hydrothorax. In a coin test, a coin held against the chest is tapped by another coin on the side where the puncture is suspected.
Spontaneous pneumothorax is, as in humans, classified as primary or secondary, while traumatic pneumothorax is divided into open and closed (with or without chest wall damage). [65] The diagnosis may be apparent to the veterinary physician because the animal exhibits difficulty breathing in, or has shallow breathing.
Pulmonary function testing is a safe procedure; however, there is cause for concern regarding untoward reactions and the value of the test data should be weighed against potential hazards. Some complications include dizziness, shortness of breath, coughing, pneumothorax, and inducing an asthma attack. [13] [14]
Diagnosis can be via CXR. CT is better for outlining borders of air-fluid levels, however, CT has a greater radiation exposure.. Ultrasound imaging has also proven to be a useful tool for hydropneumothorax diagnoses by looking for the absence of the characteristic "curtain sign" usually seen in ultrasound images at the base of healthy lungs.
Focused assessment with sonography in trauma (commonly abbreviated as FAST) is a rapid bedside ultrasound examination performed by surgeons, emergency physicians, and paramedics as a screening test for blood around the heart (pericardial effusion) or abdominal organs (hemoperitoneum) after trauma.
This patient could also have tension pneumothorax due to trauma to the chest. [22] Vital signs in obstructive shock may show hypotension, tachycardia, and/or hypoxia. A physical exam include be thorough, including jugular vein exam, cardiac and lung exams, and assessing skin tone and temperature. [22] Response to fluids may aid in diagnosis. [3]
Hyperresonant (pneumothorax), said to sound similar to percussion of puffed up cheeks. Normal resonance/ Resonant, the sound produced by percussing a normal chest. Impaired resonance (mass, consolidation) lower than normal percussion sounds. Dull (consolidation), similar to percussion of a mass such as a liver.