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Four years later, with the victory of Union forces at the end of the American Civil War, slavery was abolished via the newly enacted Thirteenth Amendment. Mississippi held a constitutional convention in 1865. [3] A new Mississippi constitution was created in May 1868 that bestowed citizenship and civil rights upon newly freed slaves in the state.
The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.The amendment was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, by the House of Representatives on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the required 27 of the then 36 states on December 6, 1865, and proclaimed on December 18.
Slavery was effectively abolished in Mississippi by the Thirteenth Amendment, finally ratified in 2013. Mississippi was the only state in the Lower Mississippi Valley that did not abolish slavery during the American Civil War. [19] The state did not officially notify the U.S. archivist of its ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment until 2013 ...
On January 31, 1865, the 13th Amendment was approved by the U.S. Congress, and on February 1, 1865, it was signed by President Abraham Lincoln. On April 14, 1865, Lincoln was assassinated before the amendment was ratified by the State of Georgia on December 6, 1865.
To produce a firewall against slavery or the potentiality of slavery, the Thirteenth Amendment was enacted and ratified effective on December 6, 1865. After the ratification, the debate was moot.
Southern lawmakers began to exploit the so-called "loophole" written in the 13th amendment and turned to prison labor as a means of restoring the pre-abolition free labor force. Black Codes were enacted by politicians in the South to maintain white control over former slaves, namely by restricting African Americans’ labor activity. [ 21 ]
The only amendment to be ratified through this method thus far is the Twenty-first Amendment in 1933. That amendment is also the only one that explicitly repeals an earlier one, the Eighteenth Amendment (ratified in 1919), establishing the prohibition of alcohol.
This time, the issue was whether the restrictions violate the Eighth Amendment’s ban on cruel and unusual punishments, and whether the Supreme Court’s 1974 decision prevents a challenge.