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Before and after Venus flyby, Venera 11 and Venera 12 yielded detailed time-profiles for 143 gamma-ray bursts, resulting in the first ever catalog of such events. The last gamma-ray burst reported by Venera 11 occurred on January 27, 1980. List of flight platform instruments and experiments: [7] 30–166 nm Extreme UV spectrometer
Venera 4 was the first successful probe, and showed that CO 2 is the main component in Venus' atmosphere. [15] [5] Venera 7 found the temperature and pressure data as well as the atmospheric composition. [5] [16] Venera 8 measured the K, U, and Th on the surface through gamma-ray analysis. [5]
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From 1961 to 1984, the Soviet Union developed the Venera probes for surface mapping by radar. The Venera 4 (on October 18, 1967) was the first lander to make a soft landing on Venus (also the first for another planetary object). The probe operated for about 23 minutes before being destroyed by the Venusian atmosphere.
Phoebe Regio is a regio on the planet Venus.It lies to the southeast of Asteria Regio.It is 2,852 kilometres (1,772 mi) in diameter and is the principal feature of the V41 quadrangle, to which it gave its name. [1]
Vega mission description. The Vega program (Russian: Вега) was a series of Venus missions that also took advantage of the appearance of comet 1P/Halley in 1986. Vega 1 and Vega 2 were uncrewed spacecraft launched in a cooperative effort among the Soviet Union (who also provided the spacecraft and launch vehicle) and Austria, [1] Bulgaria, France, Hungary, the German Democratic Republic ...
Each of the Venera 11 and Venera 12 included landers with a pair of cameras, each of which was designed for color imaging. A design flaw prevented the lens caps from separating, resulting in all cameras failing to capture and return images. [6] The list of lander experiments and instruments are: [5] Backscatter nephelometer; Mass spectrometer ...
On 5 March 1979, Soviet spacecraft Venera 11 and Venera 12, then in heliocentric orbit, were hit by a blast of gamma radiation at approximately 10:51 EST.This contact raised the radiation readings on both the probes from a normal 100 counts per second to over 200,000 counts a second in only a fraction of a millisecond.