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The SIGNE 2 detectors were simultaneously flown on Venera 12 and Prognoz 7 to allow triangulation of gamma ray sources. Before and after Venus flyby, Venera 11 and Venera 12 yielded detailed time-profiles for 143 gamma-ray bursts, resulting in the first ever catalog of such events. The last gamma-ray burst reported by Venera 11 occurred on ...
Upper stage attitude control failure, never left LEO [11] Molniya-M: Zond 1 (3MV-1 No.4) 2 April 1964: OKB-1 Soviet Union: Flyby/Lander Spacecraft failure Electronics shorted out, communications lost before flyby. [11] Flew past Venus on 14 July 1964. Molniya-M: Venera 2 (3MV-4 No.4) 12 November 1965: OKB-1 Soviet Union: Flyby Spacecraft failure
Venera 4 was the first successful probe, and showed that CO 2 is the main component in Venus' atmosphere. [15] [5] Venera 7 found the temperature and pressure data as well as the atmospheric composition. [5] [16] Venera 8 measured the K, U, and Th on the surface through gamma-ray analysis. [5]
Vega mission description. The Vega program (Russian: Вега) was a series of Venus missions that also took advantage of the appearance of comet 1P/Halley in 1986. Vega 1 and Vega 2 were uncrewed spacecraft launched in a cooperative effort among the Soviet Union (who also provided the spacecraft and launch vehicle) and Austria, [1] Bulgaria, France, Hungary, the German Democratic Republic ...
On 5 March 1979, Soviet spacecraft Venera 11 and Venera 12, then in heliocentric orbit, were hit by a blast of gamma radiation at approximately 10:51 EST.This contact raised the radiation readings on both the probes from a normal 100 counts per second to over 200,000 counts a second in only a fraction of a millisecond.
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The following evidence from Schaber et al. [11] was the leading explanation for a volcanic origin for twelve years until Magellan imagery was returned in the early 1990s. [ 1 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] a volcanic origin of Cleopatra patera included its association with plains forming deposit sloping away from the crater in a lava flow [ 7 ] [ 11 ]
Maps are also available as part of the Wikimedia Atlas of the World project in the Atlas of Central America. Subcategories This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.