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It consists of Regional Rapid Transit System, suburban rail, monorail, and tram systems. According to a report published in 2021, a total of 2.63 billion people traveled annually in metro systems across India's fifteen major cities, placing the country as one of the busiest urban rapid transit hubs in the world in terms of commuters.
India's oldest metro is in Calcutta (now Kolkata), which opened in 1984. the Kolkata Metro is the first planned and proposed rapid transit system of Asia, first proposed in 1919. Followed by the elevated rapid transit system, the Chennai MRTS .
In some parts of the world, metro systems are referred to as subways, undergrounds, tubes, mass rapid transit (MRT), metrô or U-Bahn. As of 22 December 2024, [update] 204 cities in 65 countries operate 892 metro lines.
The first modern rapid transit in India is the Kolkata Metro which started its operations in 1984 as the 17th Zone of the Indian Railways. [109] The Delhi Metro in New Delhi is India's second conventional metro and began operations in 2002. The Namma Metro in Bengaluru is India's third operational rapid transit and began operations in 2011. [110]
The proposal for a regional rapid transit service to connect Delhi with nearby towns was floated in the late 1990s by the Indian Railways.In 2006, with the ongoing expansion of the Delhi Metro, the plan was under consideration as part of Delhi Metro's expansion to towns in the vicinity. [14]
Rapid transit or mass rapid transit (MRT) or heavy rail, [2] [3] commonly referred to as metro, is a type of high-capacity public transport that is generally built in urban areas. A grade separated rapid transit line below ground surface through a tunnel can be regionally called a subway , tube , metro or underground .
The urban rail transit in India consists of systems such as rapid transit (Metro), suburban rail (operated by Indian railways), light rail (Metrolite), tram, regional rail and monorail. As of 2023, India has the fourth longest length of metro lines with 895 kilometres (556 miles ). [ 207 ]
The National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC) is a joint venture company of the Government of India and the states of Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi. The NCRTC is the owner of RapidX, the Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) project across the National Capital Region (NCR), inaugurated on 20 October 2023. [4]