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Pearl millet is a summer annual crop well-suited for double cropping and rotations. The grain and forage are valuable as food and feed resources in Africa, Russia, India and China. Today, pearl millet is grown on over 260,000 square kilometres (100,000 sq mi) of land worldwide. It accounts for about 50% of the total world production of millets. [7]
Pearl millet is one of the two major crops in the semiarid, impoverished, less fertile agriculture regions of Africa and southeast Asia. [43] Millets are not only adapted to poor, dry infertile soils, but they are also more reliable under these conditions than most other grain crops. [43] Millets, however, do respond to high fertility and moisture.
Panicum miliaceum: Proso millet (common millet, broomcorn millet) Panicum sumatrense: Little millet; Pennisetum glaucum: Pearl millet; Setaria italica: Foxtail millet; Genus Digitaria. Digitaria exilis: White fonio; Digitaria compacta: Raishan; Genus Echinochloa: barnyard millets Echinochloa esculenta: Japanese barnyard millet
Proso millet is a relative of foxtail millet, pearl millet, maize, and sorghum within the grass subfamily Panicoideae. While all of these crops use C4 photosynthesis , the others all employ the NADP-ME as their primary carbon shuttle pathway, while the primary C4 carbon shuttle in proso millet is the NAD-ME pathway.
A porridge made from pearl millet is the staple food in Niger and surrounding regions of the Sahel. Oshifima or otjifima, a stiff pearl millet porridge, is the staple food of northern Namibia. Middle Eastern millet porridge, often seasoned with cumin and honey. Munchiro sayo, a millet porridge eaten by the Ainu, a native people of northern Japan.
Helmeted guinea fowl in tall grass. Many foods were originally domesticated in West Africa, including grains like African rice, Pearl Millet, Sorghum, and Fonio; tree crops like Kola nut, used in Coca-Cola, and Oil Palm; and other globally important plant foods such as Watermelon, Tamarind, Okra, Black-eye peas, and Yams. [2]
Indian cuisine is overwhelmingly vegetarian friendly and employs a variety of different fruits, vegetables, grains, and spices which vary in name from region to region within the country. Most Indian restaurants serve predominantly Punjabi/North Indian cuisine, while a limited few serve a very limited choice of some South Indian dishes like Dosa.
Two major science-based breakthroughs attributed to crop improvement research at ICRISAT relate to pearl millet and pigeonpea. A team of researchers at ICRISAT have released the first public sector-bred, marker-assisted bred hybrid pearl millet, HHB 67. [20] This was released in India in 2006.