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The history of Guatemala traces back to the Maya civilization (2600 BC – 1697 AD), with the country's modern history beginning with the Spanish conquest of Guatemala in 1524. By 1000 AD, most of the major Classic-era (250–900 AD) Maya cities in the Petén Basin , located in the northern lowlands, had been abandoned.
In Spanish colonial times, Guatemala City was a small town. It had a monastery called El Carmen, founded in 1620 (this was the second hermitage).The capital of the Spanish Captaincy General of Guatemala, covering most of modern Central America, was moved here after a series of earthquakes — the Santa Marta earthquakes that started on July 29, 1773 — destroyed the old capital, Antigua. [2]
García Peláez was born in San Juan Sacatepéquez to a modest Ladino family. [4] Despite their limited resources, his family ensured he received an strong education. [5] He was introduced to the study of Latin language by his paternal uncle, Don Domingo Garcia de Salas, [6] and entered the priesthood during the early years of the independence movement and aligned himself with liberal ideals. [7]
Panchoy – Antigua Guatemala In 1543, Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala was once again refounded, this time at Panchoy. The new city survived as the capital of colonial Guatemala through the rest of the 16th century, the 17th century, and most of the 18th century, until it was severely damaged by the 1773 Guatemala earthquake.
The San Miguel earthquake severely impacted the city of Santiago de los Caballeros; the Royal Palace suffered some damage in rooms and walls. This earthquake made the authorities think about moving the city to a new location less vulnerable to earthquakes, but the city inhabitants strongly opposed this measure and they even went as far as to invade the Palace to make their point.
The Guatemalan genocide, also referred to as the Maya genocide, [3] or the Silent Holocaust [7] (Spanish: Genocidio guatemalteco, Genocidio maya, or Holocausto silencioso), was the mass killing of the Maya Indigenous people during the Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996) by successive Guatemalan military governments that first took power following the CIA instigated 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état.
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1957 – National Library of Guatemala new building opens. 1966 – Del Valle University of Guatemala founded. 1971 – Francisco Marroquin University founded. 1973 – Population: 706,920. [9] 1975 – Museo Nacional de Arte Moderno "Carlos Mérida" established. 1976 – February 4: 1976 Guatemala earthquake. 1978 – National Theatre opens.