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Coupling and cohesion. Coupling is usually contrasted with cohesion. Low coupling often correlates with high cohesion, and vice versa. Low coupling is often thought to be a sign of a well-structured computer system and a good design, and when combined with high cohesion, supports the general goals of high readability and maintainability ...
Cohesion is an ordinal type of measurement and is usually described as “high cohesion” or “low cohesion”. Modules with high cohesion tend to be preferable, because high cohesion is associated with several desirable software traits including robustness, reliability, reusability, and understandability. In contrast, low cohesion is ...
High cohesion is an evaluative pattern that attempts to keep objects appropriately focused, manageable and understandable. High cohesion is generally used in support of low coupling. High cohesion means that the responsibilities of a given set of elements are strongly related and highly focused on a rather specific topic.
Loose coupling occurs when the dependent class contains a pointer only to an interface, which can then be implemented by one or many concrete classes. This is known as dependency inversion . The dependent class's dependency is to a "contract" specified by the interface; a defined list of methods and/or properties that implementing classes must ...
They introduce six OO complexity metrics: (1) weighted methods per class; (2) coupling between object classes; (3) response for a class; (4) number of children; (5) depth of inheritance tree; and (6) lack of cohesion of methods. Several other metrics can be used to measure programming complexity: Branching complexity (Sneed Metric)
Within object-oriented design, interfaces provide layers of abstraction that simplify code and create a barrier preventing coupling to dependencies. A system may become so coupled at multiple levels that it is no longer possible to make a change in one place without necessitating many additional changes. [ 1 ]
The structure chart aims to show "the module hierarchy or calling sequence relationship of modules. There is a module specification for each module shown on the structure chart. The module specifications can be composed of pseudo-code or a program design language. The data dictionary is like that of structured analysis.
The Law of Demeter (LoD) or principle of least knowledge is a design guideline for developing software, particularly object-oriented programs.In its general form, the LoD is a specific case of loose coupling.