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Respiration rates may increase with fever, illness, or other medical conditions. [2] Inaccuracies in respiratory measurement have been reported in the literature. [3] One study compared respiratory rate counted using a 90-second count period, to a full minute, and found significant differences in the rates. [citation needed].
The value of respiratory rate as an indicator of potential respiratory dysfunction has been investigated but findings suggest it is of limited value. Respiratory rate is a clear indicator of acidotic states, as the main function of respiration is removal of CO 2 leaving bicarbonate base in circulation.
Respirometry depends on a "what goes in must come out" principle. [6] Consider a closed system first. Imagine that we place a mouse into an air-tight container. The air sealed in the container initially contains the same composition and proportions of gases that were present in the room: 20.95% O 2, 0.04% CO 2, water vapor (the exact amount depends on air temperature, see dew point), 78% ...
It is considered normal if it is 60% to 140% of the average value in the population for any person of similar age, sex and body composition. [14] A derived parameter is the coefficient of retraction (CR) which is P max /TLC . [16] Mean transit time (MTT) Mean transit time is the area under the flow-volume curve divided by the forced vital ...
Healthy individuals at sea level usually exhibit oxygen saturation values between 96% and 99%, and should be above 94%. At 1,600 meters' altitude (about one mile high) oxygen saturation should be above 92%. [11] An SaO 2 (arterial oxygen saturation) value below 90% causes hypoxia (which can also be caused by anemia).
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
Common foodstuffs and their values: [18] (Note: These values use "whole egg" as a value of 100, so foodstuffs that provide even more nitrogen than whole eggs, can have a value of more than 100. 100, does not mean that 100% of the nitrogen in the food is incorporated into the body, and not excreted, as in other charts.) Whey protein concentrate: 104
The normal relaxed state of the lung and chest is partially empty. Further exhalation requires muscular work. Inhalation is an active process requiring work. [4] Some of this work is to overcome frictional resistance to flow, and part is used to deform elastic tissues, and is stored as potential energy, which is recovered during the passive process of exhalation, Tidal breathing is breathing ...