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Hallux rigidus or stiff big toe is degenerative arthritis and stiffness due to bone spurs that affects the metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP) at the base of the hallux (big toe). Hallux flexus was initially described by Davies-Colley [ 1 ] in 1887 as a plantar flexed posture of phalanx relative to the metatarsal head.
For example, a person with a hallux rigidus (stiff big toe) may use a rocker bottom shoe to replace the flexion lost at the metatarsal joint. Rocker bottom shoes are also used to compensate for the lost range of motion, however caused, at the tibiotalar joint (ankle joint). In such cases, the wearer maintains solid and stable footing while ...
The hallux valgus angle (HVA) is the angle between the long axes of the proximal phalanx and the first metatarsal bone of the big toe. It is considered abnormal if greater than 15–18°. [11] The following HV angles can also be used to grade the severity of hallux valgus: [12] [unreliable medical source?] Mild: 15–20° Moderate: 21–39 ...
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Hallux varus is a clinical condition characterized by medial deviation of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint. [ 2 ] This condition, when acquired by adults, is usually caused by sports injury, surgical overcorrection of hallux valgus , or underlying causes such as arthritides .
Older people are more likely to develop hammer toes. Women are at higher risk, due to the construction of women's shoes. [1] Injuries to the toes, and being born with a big toe that is short in comparison to the second toe, increase risk. [4] Arthritis and diabetes may also increase the risk of foot deformities. [4]