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It has an elimination half-life of 2-3 hours in adults, which is prolonged in renal failure. Approved indications include community acquired pneumonia, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, and uncomplicated urinary tract infections. It was patented in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1989. [1]
Tigecycline is used to treat different kinds of bacterial infections, including complicated skin and structure infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. [citation needed] Tigecycline is a glycylcycline antibiotic that covers MRSA and Gram-negative organisms:
Linezolid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. [9] [10] Linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria that cause disease, including streptococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
To decrease the development of resistance, dicloxacillin is recommended to treat infections that are suspected or proven to be caused by beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. [5] Dicloxacillin is similar in pharmacokinetics, antibacterial activity, and indications to flucloxacillin, and the two agents are considered interchangeable. [6]
Infection after surgery is relatively uncommon, but occurs as much as 33% in specific types of surgeries. Infections of surgical sites range from 1% to 33%. MRSA sepsis that occurs within 30 days following a surgical infection has a 15–38% mortality rate; MRSA sepsis that occurs within one year has a mortality rate of around 55%.
Polymyxin B, sold under the brand name Poly-Rx among others, is an antibiotic used to treat meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis, and urinary tract infections. [1] While it is useful for many Gram negative infections, it is not useful for Gram positive infections. [1] It can be given by injection into a vein, muscle, or cerebrospinal fluid or inhaled. [1]
Cloxacillin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of several bacterial infections. [1] This includes impetigo, cellulitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, and otitis externa. [1] It is not effective for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). [2] It can be used by mouth and by injection. [1]
Cefotaxime is an antibiotic used to treat several bacterial infections in humans, other animals, and plant tissue culture. [3] Specifically in humans it is used to treat joint infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, sepsis, gonorrhea, and cellulitis. [3]