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Informed consent is a principle in medical ethics, medical law, media studies, and other fields, that a person must have sufficient information and understanding before making decisions about accepting risk, such as their medical care.
Informed Consent in Medical Research is a medical textbook on medical ethics, authored by Jeffrey S. Tobias and Len Doyal, and published by Wiley in 2001. It was produced in response to the debates between the authors in 1997, following the response to the 1990's British Medical Journal publications of studies in which consent was not obtained by participants.
Instead, many practitioners revealed only information that another physician might provide, following a rule known as "the professional standard". Risks, in particular, were often glossed over or omitted entirely. Although the right to consent in medical situations had been recognized for decades, the notion of informed consent was new. [5]
In adult medical research, the term informed consent is used to describe a state whereby a competent individual, having been fully informed about the nature, benefits and risks of a clinical trial, agrees to their own participation. National authorities define certain populations as vulnerable and therefore unable to provide informed consent ...
Unethical human experimentation is human experimentation that violates the principles of medical ethics.Such practices have included denying patients the right to informed consent, using pseudoscientific frameworks such as race science, and torturing people under the guise of research.
Consent occurs when one person voluntarily agrees to the proposal or desires of another. [1] It is a term of common speech, with specific definitions as used in such fields as the law, medicine, research, and sexual consent.
Informed consent was developed further, made more prescriptive and partly moved from 'Medical Research Combined with Professional Care' into the first section (Basic Principles), with the burden of proof for not requiring consent being placed on the investigator to justify to the committee. 'Legal guardian' was replaced with 'responsible relative'.
Informed consent is a process where patients make decisions informed by the advice of medical professionals. In recent years, the term patient participation has been used in many different contexts. These include, for example, clinical contexts in the form of shared decision-making , or patient-centered care .