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Enterocolitis is an inflammation of the digestive tract, involving enteritis of the small intestine and colitis of the colon. [1] It may be caused by various infections , with bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or other causes.
The signs and symptoms of colitis are quite variable and dependent on the cause of the given colitis and factors that modify its course and severity. [2]Common symptoms of colitis may include: mild to severe abdominal pains and tenderness (depending on the stage of the disease), persistent hemorrhagic diarrhea with pus either present or absent in the stools, fecal incontinence, flatulence ...
The prevalence of checkpoint inhibitor induced colitis varies depending on the regimen of immunotherapy. The incidence is 0.7 – 1.6% for anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) agents, 5.7 – 9.1% for anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), and about 13.6% for combination therapy. [2]
When infecting the large intestine of humans, they often cause gastroenteritis, enterocolitis, and bloody diarrhea (hence the name "enterohemorrhagic") and sometimes cause a severe complication called hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). [3] [4] Cattle are an important natural reservoir for EHEC because the colonised adult ruminants are asymptomatic.
Paneth cells are found throughout the small intestine and the appendix at the base of the intestinal glands. [2] There is an increase in Paneth cell numbers towards the end of the small intestine. [3] Like the other epithelial cell lineages in the small intestine, Paneth cells originate at the stem cell region near the bottom of the gland. [4]
The main symptom of gastroenteritis is diarrhea. Other symptoms may include: [citation needed] Abdominal pain or cramping; Nausea; Vomiting; Low grade fever; Because of the symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea, people who have gastroenteritis can become dehydrated quickly.
The key feature is more than 20 intra-epithelial lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells. [2] These are the principal features of lymphocytic colitis. An additional distinguishing feature of collagenous colitis is a thickened subepithelial collagen layer, which may be up to 30 micrometres thick, that occurs in addition to the features found in ...
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a systemic, non IgE-mediated food allergy to a specific trigger within food, most likely food protein.As opposed to the more common IgE food allergy, which presents within seconds with rash, hives, difficulty breathing or anaphylaxis, FPIES presents with a delayed reaction where vomiting is the primary symptom.
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