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Biafra (/ b i ˈ æ f r ə / bee-AF-rə), [4] officially the Republic of Biafra, [5] was a partially recognised state in West Africa [6] [7] that declared independence from Nigeria and existed from 1967 until 1970. [8] Its territory consisted of the former Eastern Region of Nigeria, predominantly inhabited by the Igbo ethnic group. [1]
The Bight of Biafra, also known as the Bight of Bonny, is a bight off the west-central African coast, in the easternmost part of the Gulf of Guinea. [1] This "bight" has also sometimes been erroneously referred to as the "Bight of Africa," due to the fact that it is at this point where the direction of the Western coastline of the African continent most prominently changes from a North/ South ...
Major slave trading areas of western Africa, 15th–19th centuries. The Slave Coast is a historical region along the Atlantic coast of West Africa, encompassing parts of modern-day Togo, Benin, and Nigeria. It is located along the Bight of Biafra and the Bight of Benin that is located between the Volta River and the Lagos Lagoon. [1] [2]
Owerri was the last of three capitals of the Republic of Biafra in 1969. [10] The capital of the secessionist state was continuously being moved as Nigerian troops captured the older capitals. Enugu and Umuahia were the other capitals before Owerri. Present-day Owerri does contain some statuary memorializing the war, particularly in locations ...
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As in many other regions across Africa, powerful indigenous kingdoms along the Bight of Benin relied heavily on a long established slave trade that expanded greatly after the arrival of European powers and became a global trade with the colonization of the Americas. [2] Estimates from the 1640s suggest that Benin (Beneh) took in 1200 slaves a year.
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However, another reason was to preserve the clandestine routes from which Biafra continued to import arms and ammunition. [5] It is estimated that one million [6] or more people died as a result of the blockade. [7] [8] [9] Most of the war casualties were civilians [10] particularly children, who were especially vulnerable to malnutrition. [1] [11]