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Decline in disability and death from communicable diseases has been accompanied by a gradual shift to, and accelerated rise in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancers, mental health disorders and injuries.
Various aspects of public health: From top to bottom: Community health worker in Mali, vaccination example (COVID-19 vaccination in Germany), historical sewer installation photo from the United States, anti-smoking campaign in India. Part of a series on Public health Outline Subfields Community health Dental public health Environmental health Epidemiology Health economics Health education ...
Widespread non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are not included. An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time; in meningococcal infections , an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered ...
Most are non-infectious, although there are some non-communicable infectious diseases, such as parasitic diseases in which the parasite's life cycle does not include direct host-to-host transmission. The four main NCDs that are the leading causes of death globally are cardiovascular disease , cancer , chronic respiratory diseases , and diabetes .
Chin J. B., ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 17th ed. APHA [American Public Health Association] Press; 2000. ISBN 978-0-87553-189-2; Red Book: 2009 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 2009. American Academy of Pediatrics. 28th ed. ISBN 978-1-58110-306-9; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Works 24/7 ...
health problems, dysfunction, and disease. The location of children’s schools can increase their exposure. We examined the extent of air pollution from industrial sources around public schools in Michigan to find out whether air pollution jeopardizes children’s health and academic success. We found that schools located in areas with the ...
Chronic diseases constitute a major cause of mortality, and the World Health Organization (WHO) attributes 38 million deaths a year to non-communicable diseases. [5] In the United States approximately 40% of adults have at least two chronic conditions. [6] [7] Living with two or more chronic conditions is referred to as multimorbidity. [8]