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Whole common wheat (Triticum aestivum) is generally used to make atta; it has a high gluten content, which provides elasticity, so the dough made out of atta flour is strong and can be rolled into thin sheets. [1] [3] [4] The word "whole" is used to describe atta as it includes every component of the grain, meaning the bran, germ and the endosperm.
Maida flour. Maida, maida flour, or maida mavu is a type of wheat flour originated from the Indian subcontinent. [1] [2] It is a super-refined [citation needed] wheat flour used in Indian cuisine to make pastries and other bakery items like breads and biscuits. Some maida may have tapioca starch added.
It is a common staple food in India; Cheela – crepes made from batter of varying ingredients in North India - ingredients usually include pulse (dal) flour,Chickpea flour, wheat flour and sometimes finely chopped vegetables. Chikkolee – spicy wheat dish common in southern Andhra Pradesh and parts of Maharashtra.
Besan or gram flour is a pulse flour made from chana dal or chickpea flour (split Bengal gram) or brown/kaala chana, a chickpea. It is a staple ingredient in the cuisines of the Indian subcontinent , including Indian , Bangladeshi , Burmese , Nepali , Pakistani , Sri Lankan and Caribbean cuisines.
Roti was initially introduced to South Africa by Indian migrants during the 19th century, and subsequently became incorporated into Durban cuisine. It is widely eaten by the Indian communities living in South Africa, and is either eaten as a flat bread or a wrap with locally made curries.
Indian food is also heavily influenced by religious and cultural choices. Some Indian dishes are common in more than one region of India, with many vegetarian and vegan dishes. Some ingredients commonly found in Indian dishes include: rice , wheat , ginger , garlic , green chillies and spices .
Luchi is made using refined wheat flour (samidh flour) and is deep fried. It is served with typical side dishes like aloor dum (potato preparation), Chana ghugni, begun bhaja (fried eggplant) and others. Another variant, largely popular in the Braj culinary tradition of the Northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh is bedmi puri or bedai. [7]
Maida flour is a finely milled wheat flour used to make a wide variety of Indian breads such as paratha and naan. Maida is widely used not only in Indian cuisine but also in Central Asian and Southeast Asian cuisine. Though sometimes referred to as "all-purpose flour" by Indian chefs, it more closely resembles cake flour or even pure starch.