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The Farewell Sermon (Arabic: خطبة الوداع, Khuṭbatu l-Widāʿ) also known as Muhammad's Final Sermon or the Last Sermon, is a religious speech, delivered by the Islamic prophet Muhammad on Friday the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, 10 AH (6 March 632 [1]) in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat, during the Islamic pilgrimage of Hajj.
Mount Arafat, also known as Jabal Rahma, with the white marble pillar marking the location at which Muhammad delivered the Farewell Sermon. Spending the night at Dhi Tuwa outside Mecca, Muhammad and his companions arrived at the Masjid al-Haram the next day. They entered from what is the Al Salam Gate today and approached the Kaaba.
Muhammad [a] (c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE) [b] was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. [c] According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.
Adil Salahi, Muhammad: man and prophet, a complete study of the life of the Prophet of Islam (Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 2012). Lesley Hazleton, The First Muslim: The Story of Muhammad (New York: Riverhead Books, 2013). Safvet Halilović, Životopis posljednjeg Allahovog poslanika (Biography of Allah's last messenger) (Sarajevo: El Kalem, 2019)
The original text of the Sīrat Rasūl Allāh by Ibn Ishaq did not survive. Yet it was one of the earliest substantial biographies of Muhammad. However, much of the original text was copied over into a work of his own by Ibn Hisham (Basra; Fustat, died 833 AD, 218 AH).
During the early centuries of Islam, the sīrah literature was taken less seriously compared to the hadiths. [1] Today, although the orthodox Islamic approach frequently uses sirah material in its sermons , Qur'anism and the academic community (including those called hadith or khabar and whose chain of transmission are labeled as sound by their ...
In Shia Islam, the Shahada also has an optional third part, a phrase concerning Ali, the first Shia imam and the fourth Rashidun caliph of Sunni Islam: وَعَلِيٌّ وَلِيُّ ٱللَّٰهِ (wa ʿaliyyun waliyyu llāh [wa.ʕa.lijːun wa.lijːu‿ɫ.ɫaː.h]), which translates to "Ali is the wali of God". [1]
In protest, Fatima is said to have delivered a speech at the Prophet's Mosque, known as the Sermon of Fadak. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] [ 2 ] Among other sources, this sermon appears in the Sunni Balaghat al-nisa' , an anthology of eloquent speeches by Muslim women, [ 29 ] [ 30 ] though the attribution of this speech to Fatima is mostly rejected by Sunnis ...