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Pericles (/ ˈ p ɛr ɪ k l iː z /, Ancient Greek: Περικλῆς; c. 495 – 429 BC) was a Greek politician and general during the Golden Age of Athens.He was prominent and influential in Ancient Athenian politics, particularly between the Greco-Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War, and was acclaimed by Thucydides, a contemporary historian, as "the first citizen of Athens". [1]
Nicias' rise to prominence occurred while Pericles was at the head of the Athenian government. After Pericles' death in 429 BC, Nicias became an important Athenian politician with the aristocratic (conservative) party looking to him as their leader. As such, Nicias became the rival of Cleon's popular or democratic party. [3]
Pericles's Funeral Oration (Perikles hält die Leichenrede) by Philipp Foltz (1852) [1] "Pericles's Funeral Oration" (Ancient Greek: Περικλέους Επιτάφιος) is a famous speech from Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War. [2]
After the death of Pericles, the Athenians turned somewhat against his conservative, defensive strategy and to the more aggressive strategy of bringing the war to Sparta and its allies. Rising to particular importance in Athenian democracy at this time was Cleon, a leader of the hawkish elements of the Athenian democracy.
Bust of Pericles, marble Roman copy after a Greek original from c. 430 BC. During the golden age, Athenian military and external affairs were mostly entrusted to the ten generals who were elected each year by the ten tribes of citizens, who could be relied on rather than the variable-quality magistrates chosen by lot under the democracy.
After his death, Athenian democracy was twice briefly interrupted by oligarchic revolutions in 411 and 404 BC, towards the end of the Peloponnesian War. It was modified somewhat after it was restored under Eucleides ; the most detailed accounts of the system are of this fourth-century modification, rather than the Periclean system.
Avicii was found dead in the afternoon hours of April 20, 2018, according to a statement from his rep. His tragic death came two years after he announced his retirement from touring in March 2016.
Sparta and its allies, except for Corinth, were almost exclusively land-based powers, able to summon large land armies that were very nearly unbeatable.In the face of a combined campaign on land from Sparta and its allies beginning in 431 BC, the Athenians, under the direction of Pericles, pursued a policy of retreat within the city walls of Athens, relying on Athenian maritime supremacy for ...