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In speech, voiceless phones are associated with vocal folds that are elongated, highly tensed, and placed laterally (abducted) when compared to vocal folds during phonation. [6] Fundamental frequency, the main acoustic cue for the percept pitch, can be varied through a variety of means.
The male's vocal folds are between 1.75 cm and 2.5 cm (approx 0.75" to 1.0") in length, [3] while females' vocal folds are between 1.25 cm and 1.75 cm (approx 0.5" to 0.75") in length. The vocal folds of children are much shorter than those of adult males and females.
It is the properties of tension and elasticity that allow the vocal folds to be stretched, bunched, brought together and separated. During prephonation, the vocal folds move from the abducted to adducted position. Subglottal pressure builds and air flow forces the folds apart, inferiorly to superiorly. If the volume of airflow is constant, the ...
The ability to vary the ab/adduction of the vocal folds quickly has a strong genetic component, since vocal fold adduction has a life-preserving function in keeping food from passing into the lungs, in addition to the covering action of the epiglottis. Consequently, the muscles that control this action are among the fastest in the body. [11]
The vocal timbres created by physical changes in the vocal fold vibrations and muscular changes in the laryngeal muscles are known as glottal configurations. [11] These configurations happen as a result of adduction and abduction of the glottis. A glottal configuration is the area in which the vocal folds come together when phonating.
Whispering is an unvoiced mode of phonation in which the vocal cords are abducted so that they do not vibrate; air passes between the arytenoid cartilages to create audible turbulence during speech. [1] Supralaryngeal articulation remains the same as in normal speech. In normal speech, the vocal cords alternate between states of voice and ...
A vocal fold stuck in an abducted or open position may cause breathiness and low volume. Listen for vocal flutter and diplophonia. Having both vocal folds stuck in an abducted position creates a breathy voice, with potential inspiratory stridor. Having both vocal folds stuck in an adducted or closed position compromises the airway significantly.
In normal vocal folds, the jelly-like "Reinke's space" is very loose and abundant with interstitial proteins such as hyaluronic acid, fibronectin, proteoglycan like fibromodulin, decorin and versican. All these extracellular matrix components together regulate the water content of vocal fold and render the viscous shear property for it.