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In mathematics, a manifold is a topological space that locally resembles Euclidean space near each point. ... other examples of manifolds are a parabola, ...
Flag manifold; Grassmann manifold; Stiefel manifold; Lie groups provide several interesting families. See Table of Lie groups for examples. See also: List of simple Lie groups and List of Lie group topics.
Manifolds in contemporary mathematics come in a number of types. These include: smooth manifolds, which are basic in calculus in several variables, mathematical analysis and differential geometry; piecewise-linear manifolds; topological manifolds. There are also related classes, such as homology manifolds and orbifolds, that resemble manifolds.
In mathematics, specifically ... the classification of manifolds is a basic question, ... The most familiar example is orientability: some manifolds are orientable ...
In mathematics, particularly topology, an atlas is a concept used to describe a manifold. An atlas consists of individual charts that, roughly speaking, describe individual regions of the manifold. In general, the notion of atlas underlies the formal definition of a manifold and related structures such as vector bundles and other fiber bundles.
Topological manifolds are an important class of topological spaces, with applications throughout mathematics. All manifolds are topological manifolds by definition. Other types of manifolds are formed by adding structure to a topological manifold (e.g. differentiable manifolds are topological manifolds equipped with a differential structure).
Riemannian geometry, the study of Riemannian manifolds, has deep connections to other areas of math, including geometric topology, complex geometry, and algebraic geometry. Applications include physics (especially general relativity and gauge theory ), computer graphics , machine learning , and cartography .
In mathematics, an algebraic manifold is an algebraic variety which is also a manifold. As such, algebraic manifolds are a generalisation of the concept of smooth curves and surfaces defined by polynomials. An example is the sphere, which can be defined as the zero set of the polynomial x 2 + y 2 + z 2 – 1, and hence is an algebraic variety.