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ANSI and IEC standard schematic symbol for a circulator (with each waveguide or transmission line port drawn as a single line, rather than as a pair of conductors). In electrical engineering, a circulator is a passive, non-reciprocal three- or four-port device that only allows a microwave or radio-frequency (RF) signal to exit through the port directly after the one it entered.
Symbol for a 3-Port Circulator. In electrical engineering, an active circulator is an active non-reciprocal three-port device that couples a microwave or radio-frequency signal only to an adjacent port in the direction of circulation. Other (external) circuitry connects to the circulator ports via transmission lines.
Optical Circulator symbol. An optical circulator is a three- or four-port optical device designed such that light entering any port exits from the next. This means that if light enters port 1 it is emitted from port 2, but if some of the emitted light is reflected back to the circulator, it does not come out of port 1 but instead exits from port 3.
Port 1 is the input port where power is applied. Port 3 is the coupled port where a portion of the power applied to port 1 appears. Port 2 is the transmitted port where the power from port 1 is outputted, less the portion that went to port 3. Directional couplers are frequently symmetrical so there also exists port 4, the isolated port.
So to within a phase-factor, the scattering matrix for a three-port circulator is = A two-port isolator is obtained simply by terminating one of the three ports with a matched load, which absorbs all the power entering it. The biased ferrite is part of the circulator and causes a differential phase-shift for signals travelling in different ...
In acoustical engineering, an acoustic circulator is a non-reciprocal three-port device that couples airborne sound waves only to an adjacent port in the direction of circulation. Compared to radio frequency (RF) and microwave circulators , acoustic circulators are for airborne sound waves rather than for RF and microwave electromagnetic signals.
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For example, if the DUT has 5 ports and a two port VNA is connected with VNA port 1 to DUT port 3 and VNA port 2 to DUT port 5, the measured VNA results (, , and ) would be equivalent to , , and respectively, assuming that DUT ports 1, 2 and 4 were terminated in adequate 50 Ohm loads . This would provide 4 of the necessary 25 S-parameters.