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Philosophy of psychology also closely monitors contemporary work conducted in cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence, for example questioning whether psychological phenomena can be explained using the methods of neuroscience, evolutionary theory, and computational modeling, respectively.
Today, moral psychology is a thriving area of research spanning many disciplines, [9] with major bodies of research on the biological, [10] [11] cognitive/computational [12] [13] [14] and cultural [15] [16] basis of moral judgment and behavior, and a growing body of research on moral judgment in the context of artificial intelligence.
[1] [2] Alternative philosophies opposed or alternative to materialism or physicalism include idealism, pluralism, dualism, panpsychism, and other forms of monism. Epicureanism is a philosophy of materialism from classical antiquity that was a major forerunner of modern science.
In philosophy, empiricism is an epistemological view which holds that true knowledge or justification comes only or primarily from sensory experience and empirical evidence. [1] It is one of several competing views within epistemology, along with rationalism and skepticism .
Many of the methods and techniques central to neuroscientific discovery rely on assumptions that can limit the interpretation of the data. Philosophers of neuroscience have discussed such assumptions in the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), [8] [9] dissociation in cognitive neuropsychology, [10] [11] single unit recording, [12] and computational neuroscience. [13]
Internalism is the thesis that no fact about the world can provide reasons for action independently of desires and beliefs. [1] Externalism is the thesis that reasons are to be identified with objective features of the world.
The participant would test the learner, and for each incorrect answer the learner gave, the participant would have to shock the learner with increasing voltages. The shocks were not actually administered, but the participant believed they were. When the shocks reached 300v, the learner began to protest and show discomfort.
Theoretical psychology originated from the philosophy of science, with logic and rationality at the base of each new idea. It existed before empirical or experimental psychology. Theoretical psychology is an interdisciplinary field involving psychologists specializing in a wide variety of psychological branches.