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A biogeochemical cycle, or more generally a cycle of matter, [1] is the movement and transformation of chemical elements and compounds between living organisms, the atmosphere, and the Earth's crust. Major biogeochemical cycles include the carbon cycle , the nitrogen cycle and the water cycle .
The ratio of the annual increase in atmospheric CO 2 compared to CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel and cement manufactured is called the "airborne fraction.". [26] The airborne fraction has been around 60% since the 1950s, indicating that about 60% of the new carbon dioxide in the atmosphere each year originated from human sources. [10]
Water is the medium of the oceans, the medium which carries all the substances and elements involved in the marine biogeochemical cycles. Water as found in nature almost always includes dissolved substances, so water has been described as the "universal solvent" for its ability to dissolve so many substances.
On Earth, the tropical atmosphere is on many scales close to RCE. [5] Therefore, the concept has also been used for studying tropical circulation and different aspects of moist convection [ 1 ] The concept has its limitations in cases of a very stable atmosphere which nearly eliminates convection.
Silicon is one of the most abundant elements on Earth, and is considered necessary for life. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The silica cycle has significant overlap with the carbon cycle (see carbonate–silicate cycle ) and plays an important role in the sequestration of carbon through continental weathering , biogenic export and burial as oozes on geologic ...
All life on Earth can be traced back to a Last Universal Common Ancestor, or LUCA. A new study suggests that this organism likely lived on Earth only 400 million years after its formation.
The endless chain of passing highs and lows which is part of everyday life for mid-latitude dwellers, under the Ferrel cell at latitudes between 30 and 60° latitude, is unknown above the 60th and below the 30th parallels. There are some notable exceptions to this rule; over Europe, unstable weather extends to at least the 70th parallel north.
Radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. This is sometimes also called "radiant power", and called luminosity in Astronomy. Spectral flux: Φ e,ν [nb 3] watt per hertz: W/Hz: M⋅L 2 ⋅T −2: Radiant flux per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅nm −1. Φ e,λ [nb 4] watt ...