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Sphaerotheriida is an order of millipedes [1] in the infraclass Pentazonia, [2] sometimes known as giant pill millipedes. [3] They inhabit Southern Africa , Madagascar , South and Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand . [ 4 ]
Zoosphaerium neptunus, also known as the giant emerald pill millipede, is a species of millipede within the family Arthrosphaeridae. [1] Its size is an example of island gigantism, [2] it being the largest known pill-millipede in the world, with some individuals reaching a maximum length of 90 mm (3.5 inches) long. [2]
Pill millipedes are relatively short-bodied compared to most other millipedes, with only eleven to thirteen body segments, [2] and are capable of rolling into a ball when disturbed, as a defense against predators. This ability evolved separately in each of the two orders, making it a case of convergent evolution, rather than homology.
Glomerida is an order of pill-millipedes found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. Also known as northern pill millipedes, [1] they superficially resemble pill-bugs or woodlice, and can enroll into a protective ball. They have twelve body segments, 17 to 19 pairs of legs, and males have enlarged rear legs involved in mating.
Sphaeromimus (Latin: sphere mimic), [1] or the chirping giant pill millipedes, is a genus of giant pill millipedes (order Sphaerotheriida) endemic to southeastern Madagascar. [2] Though described in 1902, [ 3 ] the genus was up to 2005 known from a single male specimen, whose appearance was so unusual that the authors suspected a mislabeled ...
Zephroniidae (sometimes misspelled "Zephronidae") is a family of giant pill millipedes in the taxonomic order Sphaerotheriida. They occur in southeast Asia from the Himalayas and China south and east to Sulawesi and to Australia, and also inhabit some Philippine islands. [1] [2] Genera in the family Zephroniidae: [3]
Arthrosphaeridae is a family of giant pill millipedes that are found in Madagascar, the Western Ghats of India, and Sri Lanka. The largest pill-millipede in the world, Zoosphaerium neptunus (Butler 1872) belongs to this family and is known to swarm at certain times of the year.
Zoosphaerium is a genus of giant pill millipedes endemic to Madagascar. Some species within this genus express island gigantism . [ 1 ] The largest of the known species of giant pill millipede known is Zoosphaerium neptunus , [ 2 ] which is capable of growing to lengths of 90 mm (3.5 in).