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The best example of an established lateralization is that of Broca's and Wernicke's areas, where both are often found exclusively on the left hemisphere. Function lateralization, such as semantics, intonation, accentuation, and prosody, has since been called into question and largely been found to have a neuronal basis in both hemispheres. [6]
These patients also show a remarkable increase in lateralization towards the right hemisphere of both emotionally and non-emotional prosody rich speech. [2] Also, a decrease in right-handedness led to an increase in the right hemisphere lateralization.
It has been proposed that negative, withdrawal-associated emotions are processed predominantly by the right hemisphere, whereas the left hemisphere is largely responsible for processing positive, approach-related emotions. This has been called the "laterality-valence hypothesis". [9] One sub-set of laterality in animals is limb dominance.
[1] [2] It refers to the construction of explanations by the left brain hemisphere in order to make sense of the world by reconciling new information with what was known before. [3] The left-brain interpreter attempts to rationalize, reason and generalize new information it receives in order to relate the past to the present. [4]
The Geschwind–Galaburda hypothesis has garnered empirical support from a number of studies. For instance, Witelson et al. discovered that Einstein’s brain exhibited an atypical pattern of cerebral lateralisation, which supports the hypothesis that brain lateralisation is related to cognitive abilities. [4]
The ability to adequately filter information from pre-attentive processing to attentive processing is necessary for the normal development of social skills. [14] For acoustic pre-attentive processing, the temporal cortex was believed to be the main site of activation; however, recent evidence has indicated involvement of the frontal cortex as well.
On the other hand, pitch perception, such as singing and linguistics related to emotion, are believed to be organized in the right hemisphere. This belief led to the development of the "Functional Lateralization" hypothesis, stating that dysprosody can be caused by lesions in either the right or left hemispheres. [3]
The left hemisphere is associated with language and calculations, while the right hemisphere is more closely associated with visual-spatial recognition and facial recognition. This lateralization of brain function results in some specialized regions being only present in a certain hemisphere or being dominant in one hemisphere versus the other.