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This website is also cited in the CRC Handbook as source of Section 1, subsection Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State. 91 Pa : [Rn] 5f 2 (3 H 4) 6d 7s 2; 92 U : [Rn] 5f 3 (4 I o 9/2) 6d 7s 2; 93 Np : [Rn] 5f 4 (5 I 4) 6d 7s 2; 103 Lr : [Rn] 5f 14 7s 2 7p 1 question-marked; 104 Rf : [Rn] 5f 14 6d 2 7s 2 question-marked
The oxidation states are also maintained in articles of the elements (of course), and systematically in the table {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}} See also [ edit ]
Similar ion-like 3d x 4s 0 configurations occur in transition metal complexes as described by the simple crystal field theory, even if the metal has oxidation state 0. For example, chromium hexacarbonyl can be described as a chromium atom (not ion) surrounded by six carbon monoxide ligands .
The highest known oxidation state is reported to be +9, displayed by iridium in the tetroxoiridium(IX) cation (IrO + 4). [1] It is predicted that even a +10 oxidation state may be achieved by platinum in tetroxoplatinum(X), PtO 2+ 4. [2] The lowest oxidation state is −5, as for boron in Al 3 BC [3] and gallium in pentamagnesium digallide (Mg ...
Configurations of elements 109 and above are not available. Predictions from reliable sources have been used for these elements. Grayed out electron numbers indicate subshells filled to their maximum. Bracketed noble gas symbols on the left represent inner configurations that are the same in each period. Written out, these are: He, 2, helium : 1s 2
The higher the oxidation state of the metal, the stronger the ligand field that is created. In the event that there are two metals with the same d electron configuration, the one with the higher oxidation state is more likely to be low spin than the one with the lower oxidation state; for example, Fe 2+ and Co 3+ are both d 6 ; however, the ...
The +1 and +3 oxidation states are less common, and are often stabilized by metal bonding in bimetallic (or polymetallic) species. Tetracoordinate platinum(II) compounds tend to adopt 16-electron square planar geometries. Although elemental platinum is generally unreactive, it is attacked by chlorine, bromine, iodine, and sulfur.
The oxidation states are also maintained in articles of the elements (of course), and systematically in the table {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}} See also [ edit ]