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On Linux, network block device (NBD) is a network protocol that can be used to forward a block device (typically a hard disk or partition) from one machine to a second machine. As an example, a local machine can access a hard disk drive that is attached to another computer. The protocol was originally developed for Linux 2.1.55 and released in ...
Operating within the Linux kernel's block layer, DRBD is essentially workload agnostic. A DRBD can be used as the basis of: A conventional file system (this is the canonical example), a shared disk file system such as GFS2 or OCFS2, [12] [13] another logical block device (as used in LVM, for example),
Additionally, if the same hardware exposes both character and block devices, there is a risk of data corruption due to clients using the character device being unaware of changes made in the buffers of the block device. Most systems create both block and character devices to represent hardware like hard disks. FreeBSD and Linux notably do not ...
Virtual device drivers represent a particular variant of device drivers. They are used to emulate a hardware device, particularly in virtualization environments, for example when a DOS program is run on a Microsoft Windows computer or when a guest operating system is run on, for example, a Xen host.
Block: The block driver allows using raw Linux block devices as back-stores for export via LIO. This includes physical devices, such as HDDs , SSDs , CDs / DVDs , RAM disks , etc., and logical devices, such as software or hardware RAID volumes or LVM volumes.
The device mapper is a framework provided by the Linux kernel for mapping physical block devices onto higher-level virtual block devices. It forms the foundation of the logical volume manager (LVM), software RAIDs and dm-crypt disk encryption, and offers additional features such as file system snapshots .
For many use cases, the Linux API is considered too low-level, so APIs of higher abstraction must be used. Higher-level APIs must be implemeted on top of lower-level APIs. Examples: Implementation of the OpenGL and Vulkan specifications in proprietary Linux graphics drivers and the free and open-source implementation in Mesa.
Being network devices supported entirely in software, they differ from ordinary network devices which are backed by physical network adapters. The Universal TUN/TAP Driver originated in 2000 as a merger of the corresponding drivers in Solaris, Linux and BSD. [1] The driver continues to be maintained as part of the Linux [2] and FreeBSD [3] [4 ...