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Racial profiling or redlining has a long history in the property-insurance industry in the United States. [30] From a review of industry underwriting and marketing materials, court documents, and research by government agencies, industry and community groups, and academics, it is clear that race has long affected and continues to affect the ...
Brooklyn, NY HOLC redlining Map. HOLC is often cited as the originator of mortgage redlining. [11] [12] HOLC maps [13] generated during the 1930s to assess credit-worthiness were color-coded by mortgage security risk, with majority African-American areas disproportionately likely to be marked in red indicating designation as "hazardous."
In 1933, the federally created Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) created maps that coded areas as credit-worthy based on the race of their occupants and the age of the housing stock. These maps, adopted by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) in 1944, established and sanctioned "redlining". Residents in predominately minority ...
This echoes the redlining era of American history, when certain neighborhoods were designated as ineligible for federal housing assistance because of a high concentration of non-white residents.
Ghettos in the United States are typically urban neighborhoods perceived as being high in crime and poverty. The origins of these areas are specific to the United States and its laws, which created ghettos through both legislation and private efforts to segregate America for political, economic, social, and ideological reasons: de jure [ 1 ...
“It’s a book that documents through policy and through law and government action at all levels of government how redlining came to be ad what the impacts of that are still today,” she said ...
Jesse Clyde "J. C." Nichols (August 23, 1880 - February 16, 1950) was an American urban planner and developer of commercial and residential real estate in Kansas City, Missouri.
The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America is a 2017 book by Richard Rothstein on the history of racial segregation in the United States. The book documents the history of state sponsored segregation stretching back to the late 1800s and exposes racially discriminatory policies put forward by most ...