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PatS influences the heterocyst patterning by inhibiting heterocyst differentiation when a group of differentiating cells come together to form a pro- heterocyst (immature heterocyst). [5] Heterocyst maintenance is dependent on an enzyme called hetN.
Nostoc, also known as star jelly, troll's butter, spit of moon, fallen star, witch's butter (not to be confused with the fungi commonly known as witches' butter), and witch's jelly, is the most common genus of cyanobacteria found in a variety of both aquatic and terrestrial environments that may form colonies composed of filaments of moniliform cells in a gelatinous sheath of polysaccharides. [1]
When its size becomes too small, a dividing diatom cell produces an auxospore to expand its cell size back to that which is normal for vegetative cells. [ 2 ] Auxospores can also play a role in sexual reproduction in diatoms, and may be formed after haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote .
Their cell size varies from less than 1 μm in diameter (picocyanobacteria) up to 100 μm (some tropical forms in the genus Oscillatoria) [39] [40] [41] Filamentous forms exhibit functional cell differentiation such as heterocysts (for nitrogen fixation), akinetes (resting stage cells), and hormogonia (reproductive, motile filaments).
Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that exist as plankton.They are known for nitrogen-fixing abilities, and they form symbiotic relationships with certain plants, such as the mosquito fern.
Intercalary located akinete of Dolichospermum smithii Terminally located akinete of Gloeotrichia Akinetes, also termed "cysts", of Haematococcus. An akinete is an enveloped, thick-walled, non-motile, dormant cell formed by both cyanobacteria and algae.
The heterocyst is characterized by a thick glycolipid layer which minimizes oxygen's ability to interfere with nitrogen fixation. [2] This is important to Richelia’s function as oxygen can bind to nitrogenase and inhibit the cyanobacteria's nitrogen fixing abilities. [2] The heterocyst does not divide, while the vegetative cells do. [2]
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