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Abnormal dopamine receptor signaling and dopaminergic nerve function is implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. [1] Dopamine receptors are therefore common drug targets. Dopamine receptors activate different effectors through not only G-protein coupling, but also signaling through different protein (dopamine receptor-interacting ...
The side effects are predominantly collected from studies of Parkinson's disease, where dopamine agonists are commonly used as a first-line treatment with levodopa. [ 16 ] Dopamine agonists are divided into two subgroups or drug classes, first-generation and newer agents.
These drugs inhibit the uptake of the neurotransmitter 5-HT by blocking the SERT, thus increasing its synaptic concentration, and have shown to be efficacious in the treatment of depression, however sexual dysfunction and weight gain are two very common side-effects that result in discontinuation of treatment.
Dopamine receptor flow chart. Dopamine receptors are all G protein–coupled receptors, and are divided into two classes based on which G-protein they are coupled to. [1] The D 1-like class of dopamine receptors is coupled to Gα s/olf and stimulates adenylate cyclase production, whereas the D 2-like class is coupled to Gα i/o and thus inhibits adenylate cyclase production.
This results in increased extracellular concentrations of dopamine and increase in dopaminergic neurotransmission. [1] DRIs are used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy for their psychostimulant effects, and in the treatment of obesity and binge eating disorder for their appetite suppressant effects.
Common side effects include worsening kidney function, an irregular heartbeat, chest pain, vomiting, headache, or anxiety. [4] If it enters into the soft tissue around the vein local tissue death may occur. [4] The medication phentolamine can be given to try to decrease this risk. [4]
Medications are used to reverse the symptoms of extrapyramidal side effects caused by antipsychotics or other drugs, by either directly or indirectly increasing dopaminergic neurotransmission. The treatment varies by the type of the EPS, but may involve anticholinergic agents such as procyclidine, benztropine, diphenhydramine, and trihexyphenidyl.
Medifoxamine (Cledial, Gerdaxyl) is an antidepressant that appears to act as an SDRI as well as a 5-HT 2 receptor antagonist. [3] Sibutramine (Reductil, Meridia, Siredia, Sibutrex) is a withdrawn anorectic that itself as a molecule in vitro is an SNDRI but preferentially an SDRI, with 18.3- and 5.8-fold preference for inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and dopamine over norepinephrine ...