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  2. Pulp stone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_stone

    The pulp calcifications can arise due to: pulp degeneration; increasing age; circulatory disturbances within the pulp; long standing local irritants such as dental caries, pulp-capping procedures, healed tooth fractures, tooth injury restorations and periodontal diseases

  3. Pulp capping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_capping

    Exposure of the pulp causes pulpitis (an inflammation which can become irreversible, leading to pain and pulp necrosis, and necessitating either root canal treatment or extraction). [1] The ultimate goal of pulp capping or stepwise caries removal is to protect a healthy (or reversibly inflammed) dental pulp, and avoid the need for root canal ...

  4. Apexification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apexification

    Apexification is a method of dental treatment to induce a calcific barrier in a root with incomplete formation or open apex of a tooth with necrotic pulp. [1] Pulpal involvement usually occurs as a consequence of trauma or caries involvement of young or immature permanent teeth. As a sequelae of untreated pulp involvement, loss of pulp vitality ...

  5. Mineral trioxide aggregate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_trioxide_aggregate

    Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is an alkaline, cementitious dental repair material. MTA is used for creating apical plugs during apexification, repairing root perforations during root canal therapy, and treating internal root resorption. It can be used for root-end filling material and as pulp capping material.

  6. Healing of periapical lesions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healing_of_periapical_lesions

    In 1890, W.D. Miller, considered the father of oral microbiology, was the first to associate pulpal disease with the presence of bacteria. [11] This was confirmed by Kakehashi, who, in 1965, proved that bacteria were the cause of pulpal and periradicular disease in studies using animal models; pulpal exposures were initiated in both normal and germ-free rats, and while no pathologic changes ...

  7. Regenerative endodontics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_endodontics

    Regenerative endodontic procedures [1] is defined as biologically based procedures designed to replace damaged structures such as dentin, root structures, and cells of the pulp-dentin complex. [2] This new treatment modality aims to promote normal function of the pulp.

  8. Periradicular surgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periradicular_surgery

    Periradicular surgery should be very considered where previous endodontic treatment has failed, and possible re-root treatment is the preferred option. [4] If re-root treatment is not possible, will not correct the problem or patient factors prevent it, periradicular surgery is indicated.

  9. Cementicle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementicle

    Calcification due to degenerative changes in the epithelial cell rests of Malassez [5] Calcification of thrombosed (blocked) capillaries in the periodontal ligament [ 5 ] (i.e. a phlebolith ) [ 6 ] Microtrauma to Sharpey's fibres [ 2 ] causes small spicules of cementum or alveolar bone to splinter into the periodontal membrane [ 4 ] Some do not ...