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Dopamine supersensitivity may be caused by the dopamine receptor D 2 antagonizing effect of antipsychotics, causing a compensatory increase in D 2 receptors within the brain that sensitizes neurons to endogenous release of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Because psychosis is thought to be mediated—at least in part—by the activity of dopamine ...
The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia or the dopamine hypothesis of psychosis is a model that attributes the positive symptoms of schizophrenia to a disturbed and hyperactive dopaminergic signal transduction. The model draws evidence from the observation that a large number of antipsychotics have dopamine-receptor antagonistic effects. The ...
The treatment varies by the type of the EPS, but may involve anticholinergic agents such as procyclidine, benztropine, diphenhydramine, and trihexyphenidyl. Certain medications such as dopamine agonists are not used, as they may worsen psychotic symptoms to those taking neuroleptic drugs.
The causes of schizophrenia that underlie the development of schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, are complex and not clearly understood.A number of hypotheses including the dopamine hypothesis, and the glutamate hypothesis have been put forward in an attempt to explain the link between altered brain function and the symptoms and development of schizophrenia.
[3] [4] [5] Methamphetamine psychosis, or long-term effects of stimulant use in the brain (at the molecular level), depend upon genetics and may persist for months or years. [6] Psychosis may also result from withdrawal from stimulants, particularly when psychotic symptoms were present during use. [7]
Evidence suggests that it is the interaction between genes and the environment may be associated with the development of schizophrenia. [2] This is a complex process involving multiple environmental factors that have influence on a range of developmental periods that interact with a genetic susceptibility. [7]
A new first-in-class antipsychotic that targets multiple neurotransmitter systems called lumateperone (ITI-007), was trialed and approved by the FDA in December 2019 for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults. [24] [26] [27] Lumateperone is a small molecule agent that shows improved safety, and tolerance.
Bell's mania, also known as delirious mania, refers to an acute neurobehavioral syndrome. [1] This is usually characterized by an expeditious onset of delirium, mania, psychosis, followed by grandiosity, emotional lability, altered consciousness, hyperthermia, and in extreme cases, death. [1]