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Given a function: from a set X (the domain) to a set Y (the codomain), the graph of the function is the set [4] = {(, ()):}, which is a subset of the Cartesian product.In the definition of a function in terms of set theory, it is common to identify a function with its graph, although, formally, a function is formed by the triple consisting of its domain, its codomain and its graph.
The graph always lies above the x-axis, but becomes arbitrarily close to it for large negative x; thus, the x-axis is a horizontal asymptote. The equation d d x e x = e x {\displaystyle {\tfrac {d}{dx}}e^{x}=e^{x}} means that the slope of the tangent to the graph at each point is equal to its height (its y -coordinate) at that point.
The second derivative of a function f can be used to determine the concavity of the graph of f. [2] A function whose second derivative is positive is said to be concave up (also referred to as convex), meaning that the tangent line near the point where it touches the function will lie below the graph of the function.
The ratio in the definition of the derivative is the slope of the line through two points on the graph of the function , specifically the points (, ()) and (+, (+)). As h {\displaystyle h} is made smaller, these points grow closer together, and the slope of this line approaches the limiting value, the slope of the tangent to the graph of ...
For example, let f(x) = x 2 and g(x) = x + 1, then (()) = + and (()) = (+) agree just for = The function composition is associative in the sense that, if one of ( h ∘ g ) ∘ f {\displaystyle (h\circ g)\circ f} and h ∘ ( g ∘ f ) {\displaystyle h\circ (g\circ f)} is defined, then the other is also defined, and they are equal, that is, ( h ...
From this, it can be seen that the rate of convergence is superlinear but subquadratic. This can be seen in the following tables, the left of which shows Newton's method applied to the above f(x) = x + x 4/3 and the right of which shows Newton's method applied to f(x) = x + x 2. The quadratic convergence in iteration shown on the right is ...
The features of the graph = = + can be interpreted in terms of the variables x and y. The y -intercept is the initial value y = f ( 0 ) = b {\displaystyle y=f(0)=b} at x = 0 {\displaystyle x=0} . The slope a measures the rate of change of the output y per unit change in the input x .
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