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In adjunct with surgery, refractory muscle contracture can also be treated with Botulinum toxins A and B; however, the effectiveness of the toxin is slowly lost over time, and most patients need a single treatment to correct muscle contracture over the first few weeks after surgery. [21] Shortening of the surgically lengthened muscle can re-occur.
If MSC treatment becomes available for stroke patients, it is possible that current mortality and morbidity rates could substantially improve due to the direct enhancement of neuroprotection and neurorestoration mechanisms rather than only indirect facilitation or prevention of further damage, e.g. decompressive surgery.
In pathology, a contracture is a shortening of muscles, tendons, skin, and nearby soft tissues that causes the joints to shorten and become very stiff, preventing normal movement. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A contracture is usually permanent, but less commonly can be temporary (such as in McArdle disease ), [ 3 ] or resolve over time but reoccur later in life ...
Physiotherapists can help to maintain the patient's mobility and will help to prevent contractures. [30] Instructing patients in gait training will help to improve their mobility and decrease their risk of falls. [70] A physiotherapist may also prescribe mobility aids such as a cane or a walker to increase the patient's safety. [70]
Once joint contractures- fixed deformities - develop or joint subluxation or dislocation occurs, surgical treatment could become mandatory. [ 75 ] [ 76 ] [ 77 ] It is of paramount importance to delay the age at which orthopaedic surgical intervention becomes necessary as surgery early in life carries a greater risk of deformity recurrence ...
Moving patients every 2–3 hours by turning them side to side is crucial to avoiding bed sores as a result of being confined to a bed. Moving patients through the use of physical therapy also aids in preventing atelectasis, contractures or other orthopedic deformities which would interfere with a coma patient's recovery. [45]
Electromyography (EMG) may show particular patterns in specific muscle diseases; for instance, McArdle's disease and phosphofructokinase deficiency show a phenomenon called cramp-like contracture. [18] There are genetic tests available for many of the hereditary muscle conditions that predispose to myoglobinuria and rhabdomyolysis. [12] [13]
Management options can be subdivided into medical treatment and rehabilitation interventions. Medical treatment consists of oral medication and surgery. Before using oral drugs, it is important to differentiate between spasticity , dystonia and choreoathetosis since each motor disorder has a specific approach.