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Binomial Lattice for equity, with CRR formulae Tree for an bond option returning the OAS (black vs red): the short rate is the top value; the development of the bond value shows pull-to-par clearly . In quantitative finance, a lattice model [1] is a numerical approach to the valuation of derivatives in situations requiring a discrete time model.
In finance, the binomial options pricing model (BOPM) provides a generalizable numerical method for the valuation of options.Essentially, the model uses a "discrete-time" (lattice based) model of the varying price over time of the underlying financial instrument, addressing cases where the closed-form Black–Scholes formula is wanting, which in general does not exist for the BOPM.
(The binomial model is the simplest and most common lattice model.) The "dynamic assumptions of expected volatility and dividends", e.g. expected changes to dividend policy , as well as of forecast changes in interest rates [ 13 ] as consistent with today's term structure , may also be incorporated in a lattice model; although a finite ...
The trinomial tree is a lattice-based computational model used in financial mathematics to price options.It was developed by Phelim Boyle in 1986. It is an extension of the binomial options pricing model, and is conceptually similar.
Real options valuation, also often termed real options analysis, [1] (ROV or ROA) applies option valuation techniques to capital budgeting decisions. [2] A real option itself, is the right—but not the obligation—to undertake certain business initiatives, such as deferring, abandoning, expanding, staging, or contracting a capital investment project. [3]
For example, for bond options [3] the underlying is a bond, but the source of uncertainty is the annualized interest rate (i.e. the short rate). Here, for each randomly generated yield curve we observe a different resultant bond price on the option's exercise date; this bond price is then the input for the determination of the option's payoff.
Image source: The Motley Fool. Vici Properties (NYSE: VICI) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Feb 21, 2025, 10:00 a.m. ET. Contents: Prepared Remarks. Questions and Answers. Call Participants
In-the-money: Conversion Price is < Equity Price. At-the-money: Conversion Price is = Equity Price. Out-the-money: Conversion Price is > Equity Price. From a valuation perspective, a convertible bond consists of two assets: a bond and a warrant. Valuing a convertible requires an assumption of the underlying stock volatility to value the option and