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The Sahel has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh). The climate is typically hot, sunny, dry and somewhat windy all year long. The Sahel's climate is similar to, but less extreme than, the climate of the Sahara desert located just to the north. The Sahel mainly receives a low to very low amount of precipitation annually.
The Sahel forms a belt up to 1,000 km wide, spanning Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea Main article: History of West Africa The Sahelian kingdoms were a series of centralized kingdoms or empires that were centered on the Sahel , the area of grasslands south of the Sahara , from the 8th century to the 19th.
The Sahel extends across all of Africa at a latitude of about 10° to 15° N. Countries that include parts of the Sahara Desert proper in their northern territories and parts of the Sahel in their southern region include Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad, and Sudan. The Sahel has a hot semi-arid climate.
The Sahara Desert is the massive sparsely populated region in North Africa that contains the world's largest hot deserts; Sub-Saharan Africa is the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara. The Sahel region covers a belt of grasslands south of the Sahara stretching from Senegal to Sudan.
The Sahel region (brown), proposed Great Green Wall (green), and participating countries (white) Satellite photo of the Sahara The Great Green Wall or Great Green Wall for the Sahara and the Sahel (French: Grande Muraille Verte pour le Sahara et le Sahel; Arabic: السور الأخضر العظيم, romanized: as-Sūr al-ʾAkhḍar al-ʿAẓīm) is a project adopted by the African Union in ...
The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation have affected precipitation in the Sahel region. From the early 1960s to the mid-1980s, the lake water level decreased by 3 m (9.8 ft) compared to the average level from 1900 to 2010. [31] In 1870, the area of Lake Chad was about 28,000 km 2 (11,000 sq mi).
The southern fringe of the desert along the border with the Sahel receives summer cloudiness and rainfall due to the arrival of the Intertropical Convergence Zone from the south and the annual average rainfall ranges from 100 millimetres (4 in) to 250 millimetres (10 in). For example, Timbuktu, Mali and Agadez, Niger are found in this zone.
The South Saharan steppe and woodlands, also known as the South Sahara desert, is a deserts and xeric shrublands ecoregion of northern Africa. This band is a transitional region between the Sahara's very arid center (the Sahara desert ecoregion ) to the north, and the wetter Sahelian Acacia savanna ecoregion to the south. [ 1 ]