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Stoicism considers all existence as cyclical, the cosmos as eternally self-creating and self-destroying (see also Eternal return). Stoicism does not posit a beginning or end to the Universe. [32] According to the Stoics, the logos was the active reason or anima mundi pervading and animating the entire Universe. It was conceived as material and ...
The Stoics explained everything from natural events to human conduct as manifestations of an all-pervading reason . [1] Thus they identified the universe with God, [3] and the diversity of the world is explained through the transformations and products of God as the rational principle of the cosmos. [8]
Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium (Latin for "Moral Letters to Lucilius"), also known as the Moral Epistles and Letters from a Stoic, is a letter collection of 124 letters that Seneca the Younger wrote at the end of his life, during his retirement, after he had worked for the Emperor Nero for more than ten years.
Stoicism begins and ends by relating the modern revival of Stoicism as embodied by Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius. [1] It covers the history of the school and its doctrines in what it classified as the three areas of philosophy: physics , ethics and logic .
The regular classes involved reading and interpreting characteristic portions of Stoic philosophical works, [13] which, as well as ethics, must have included instruction in the logic and physics which were part of the Stoic system. [14] The Discourses instead record conversations which followed the formal instruction. [14]
Greek/Latin fragments with English commentary. Reale, Giovanni. A History of Ancient Philosophy. III. The systems of the Hellenistic Age, (translated by John R. Catan, 1985 Zeno, the Foundation of the Stoa, and the Different Phases of Stoicism) Schofield, Malcolm. The Stoic Idea of the City. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. ISBN ...
The smallest unit in Stoic logic is an assertible (the Stoic equivalent of a proposition) which is the content of a statement such as "it is day". Assertibles have a truth-value such that they are only true or false depending on when it was expressed (e.g. the assertible "it is night" will only be true if it is true that it is night). [ 1 ]
Explained is an American documentary television series on the streaming service Netflix. The show is produced by Vox Media [2] and is based on Vox's previous YouTube video series which followed a similar format. [3] The show's episodes averaged between 16 and 24 minutes, with each focusing on a different topic. [4]