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Foreign exchange risk is the risk that the exchange rate will change unfavorably before payment is made or received in the currency. For example, if a United States company doing business in Japan is compensated in yen, that company has risk associated with fluctuations in the value of the yen versus the United States dollar. [1]
A common technique to hedge translation risk is called balance-sheet hedging, which involves speculating on the forward market in hopes that a cash profit will be realized to offset a non-cash loss from translation. [24] This requires an equal amount of exposed foreign currency assets and liabilities on the firm's consolidated balance sheet.
Companies can use a hedging strategy in which they buy or sell other investments to help offset losses and manage currency risk. For example, to hedge against currency risk, a company might ...
Currency overlay is a financial trading strategy or method conducted by specialist firms who manage the currency exposures of large clients, typically institutions such as pension funds, endowments and corporate entities. Typically the institution will have a pre-existing exposure to foreign currencies, and will be seeking to:
The term "contagion" was first introduced in July 1997, when the currency crisis in Thailand quickly spread throughout East Asia and then on to Russia and Brazil.Even developed markets in North America and Europe were affected, as the relative prices of financial instruments shifted and caused the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM), a large U.S. hedge fund.
Collars, a hedging strategy combining puts and calls, is getting more popular, said bankers. This enables companies to participate in any rise in a currency, unlike forwards where the exchange ...
where is the maturity of the longest transaction in the portfolio, is the future value of one unit of the base currency invested today at the prevailing interest rate for maturity , is the loss given default, is the time of default, () is the exposure at time , and (,) is the risk neutral probability of counterparty default between times and .
This notion is captured in the so-called "hedging irrelevance proposition": [16] "In a perfect market, the firm cannot create value by hedging a risk when the price of bearing that risk within the firm is the same as the price of bearing it outside of the firm." In practice, however, financial markets are not likely to be perfect markets.