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  2. Oxygen sensor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor

    An oxygen sensor (or lambda sensor, where lambda refers to air–fuel equivalence ratio, usually denoted by λ) or probe or sond, is an electronic device that measures the proportion of oxygen (O 2) in the gas or liquid being analyzed. [1] It was developed by Robert Bosch GmbH during the late 1960s under the supervision of Günter Bauman. [1]

  3. Exhaust gas analyzer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_analyzer

    Thus measuring the proportion of oxygen in the exhaust gases of these engines can monitor and measure these emissions. This measurement is performed in the MOT test through Lambda coefficient measurement. The Lambda coefficient (λ) is obtained from the relationship between air and gasoline involved in combustion of the mixture. It is a measure ...

  4. Air–fuel ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air–fuel_ratio

    Also called air–fuel ratio gauge, air–fuel meter, or air–fuel gauge, it reads the voltage output of an oxygen sensor, sometimes also called AFR sensor or lambda sensor. The original narrow-band oxygen sensors became factory installed standard in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

  5. Check engine light - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_engine_light

    A check engine light or malfunction indicator lamp (MIL), is a tell-tale that a computerized engine-management system uses to indicate a malfunction or problem with the vehicle ranging from minor (such as a loose gas cap) to serious (worn spark plugs, engine problems or a faulty oil valve, etc.).

  6. OBD-II PIDs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs

    OBD-II PIDs (On-board diagnostics Parameter IDs) are codes used to request data from a vehicle, used as a diagnostic tool.. SAE standard J1979 defines many OBD-II PIDs. All on-road vehicles and trucks sold in North America are required to support a subset of these codes, primarily for state mandated emissions inspections.

  7. Mass flow sensor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor

    The hot film MAF sensor works somewhat similar to the hot wire MAF sensor, but instead it usually outputs a frequency signal. This sensor uses a hot film-grid instead of a hot wire. [3] It is commonly found in late 1980s and early 1990s fuel-injected vehicles. The output frequency is directly proportional to the air mass entering the engine.

  8. Engine control unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit

    Delco ECU used in General Motors vehicles built in 1996. An engine control unit (ECU), also called an engine control module (ECM), [1] is a device that controls various subsystems of an internal combustion engine.

  9. MAP sensor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor

    The MAP sensor is then used for rationality checks and to test the EGR valve. The way they do this is during a deceleration of the vehicle when there is low absolute pressure in the intake manifold (i.e., a high vacuum present in the intake manifold relative to the outside air) the powertrain control module (PCM) will open the EGR valve and ...