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Gemstone refractometers are available both as classic optical instruments and as electronic measurement devices with a digital display. [3] In marine aquarium keeping, a refractometer is used to measure the salinity and specific gravity of the water. In the automobile industry, a refractometer is used to measure the coolant concentration.
Refractometers are frequently used by grape growers and kiwifruit growers for Brix testing of sucrose levels in their fruit. Refractometry is also used in the gelatin industry. To convert the RI of a gelatin sol (reported in Brix) to a gelatin concentration, one need only multiply by eight-tenths (0.8). A sol with a 10.0 RI would therefore be 8 ...
Some representative refractive indices; Name of material λ (nm) Refractive index no. n Reference Vacuum: 1 (by definition) Air at STP: 1.000273 [citation needed]Gases at 0 °C and 1 atm
A handheld refractometer used to measure the sugar content of fruits This type of device is commonly used in chemical laboratories for identification of substances and for quality control . Handheld variants are used in agriculture by, e.g., wine makers to determine sugar content in grape juice, and inline process refractometers are used in, e ...
In the Abbe refractometer the liquid sample is sandwiched into a thin layer between an illuminating prism and a refracting prism. The refracting prism is made of a glass with a high refractive index (e.g., 1.75) and the refractometer is designed to be used with samples having a refractive index smaller than that of the refracting prism.
Some instruments are available with multiple scales, or the ability to input a special scale using known conversion information. There are some digital handheld refractometers that are IP65 water-resistant, and thus washable under a running faucet.
The Oechsle scale is a hydrometer scale measuring the density of grape must, [1] which is an indication of grape ripeness and sugar content used in wine-making.It is named for Ferdinand Oechsle (1774–1852) and it is widely used in the German, Swiss and Luxembourgish wine-making industries.
In optics and lens design, the Abbe number, also known as the Vd-number or constringence of a transparent material, is an approximate measure of the material's dispersion (change of refractive index versus wavelength), with high values of Vd indicating low dispersion.