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Theory X and Theory Y also have implications in military command and control (C2). Older, strictly hierarchical conceptions of C2, with narrow centralization of decision rights, highly constrained patterns of interaction, and limited information distribution tend to arise from cultural and organizational assumptions compatible with Theory X.
Since the mid-1950s, Procter & Gamble used Theory X and Theory Y to set up plants in Augusta, Georgia, even hiring McGregor to help. [19] Warren Bennis , leadership expert, researcher, author, and educator, said of McGregor, "Just as every economist, knowingly or not, pays his dues to Keynes, we are all, one way or another, disciples of McGregor."
McGregor personally held that the more optimistic theory, Y, was more valid. This theory holds that employees can view work as natural, are creative, can be self-motivated, and appreciate responsibility. This type of thinking is popular now, with people becoming more aware of the productivity of self-empowered work teams. [3]
Douglas McGregor's Theory Y and Theory X can also be compared with these two leadership styles. Theory X can be compared with Transactional Leadership where managers need to rule by fear and consequences. In this style and theory, negative behavior is punished and employees are motivated through incentives. [citation needed]
Temporal motivation theory; Theory X and Theory Y; C. Bertrand Thompson; Two-factor theory; Y. Yale attitude change approach
Prouty was born in Springfield, Massachusetts on January 24, 1917, to Marie Ozias Desautels, age 32, and Leroy Fletcher Prouty, a municipal government employee, age 28. [3] [4] He was the first child in a growing family and would eventually become one of five, with two brothers and two sisters.
Theory Z is a name for various theories of human motivation built on Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y.Theories X, Y and various versions of Z have been used in human resource management, organizational behavior, organizational communication and organizational development.
X&Y is the third studio album by British band Coldplay, released on 6 June 2005 by Parlophone in the United Kingdom, and a day later by Capitol Records in the United States. Produced by Coldplay and producer Danton Supple , the album was recorded during a turbulent period for the band, during which their manager and creative director, Phil ...