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The first recorded knockout mouse was created by Mario R. Capecchi, Martin Evans, and Oliver Smithies in 1989, for which they were awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Aspects of the technology for generating knockout mice, and the mice themselves have been patented in many countries by private companies.
The International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC) is a scientific endeavour to produce a collection of mouse embryonic stem cell lines that together lack every gene in the genome, and then to distribute the cells to scientific researchers to create knockout mice to study.
Large centers also exist to distribute strains of genetically modified animals; the International Knockout Mouse Consortium, for example, aims to provide knockout mice for every gene in the mouse genome. [151] A laboratory mouse cage. Mice are either bred commercially, or raised in the laboratory.
The genetically modified mouse in which a gene affecting hair growth has been knocked out (left) shown next to a normal lab mouse. A genetically modified mouse, genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) [1] or transgenic mouse is a mouse (Mus musculus) that has had its genome altered through the use of genetic engineering techniques.
The C57BL/6 mouse was the second-ever mammalian species to have its entire genome published. [ 1 ] The dark coat makes the mouse strain convenient for creating transgenic mice: it is crossed with a light-furred 129 mouse, and the desirable crosses can be easily identified by their mixed coat colors.
Desmin was first described in 1976, [16] first purified in 1977, [17] the gene was cloned in 1989, [6] and the first knockout mouse was created in 1996. [18] The function of desmin has been deduced through studies in knockout mice. Desmin is one of the earliest protein markers for muscle tissue in embryogenesis as it is detected in the somites ...
Gene knock-in originated as a slight modification of the original knockout technique developed by Martin Evans, Oliver Smithies, and Mario Capecchi.Traditionally, knock-in techniques have relied on homologous recombination to drive targeted gene replacement, although other methods using a transposon-mediated system to insert the target gene have been developed. [3]
The Mouse Genetics Project (MGP) is a large-scale mutant mouse production and phenotyping programme aimed at identifying new model organisms of disease. [1] [2] [3] [4]Based at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, the project uses knockout mice most of which were generated by the International Knockout Mouse Consortium.