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The added consonant is unpredictable, grammatically speaking; phonological studies, such as Wedel (1999), shed light on the subject. [34] Echo reduplication: similar to echo word in other languages, a word can be reduplicated while replacing the initial consonants (not being m, and possibly missing) with m. The meaning of the original word is ...
West Germanic gemination also operated inconsistently on consonants followed by /l/ or /r/, e.g. Old English æppel 'apple' < Proto-Germanic *aplaz.In some cases this led to doublets, e.g. West Saxon Old English tēar 'tear (of the eyes)' < *tæher < Proto-Germanic *tahraz (without gemination) vs. Northumbrian Old English tæhher 'tear (of the eyes)' (with gemination).
Kluge's law is a controversial Proto-Germanic sound law formulated by Friedrich Kluge. [1] It purports to explain the origin of the Proto-Germanic long consonants *kk, *tt, and *pp (Proto-Indo-European lacked a phonemic length distinction for consonants) as originating in the assimilation of *n to a preceding voiced plosive consonant, under the condition that the *n was part of a suffix which ...
Double consonants are common on morpheme borders where the initial or final sound of the suffix is the same as the final or initial sound of the stem (depending on the position of the suffix), after devoicing. Examples:
Vowel-initial words prepend the shm- directly to the beginning of the reduplicant (apple shmapple). Although this is conventionally seen by English speakers as purely adding consonants to a word, from a strictly phonetic point of view this, too, is a replacement of the initial glottal stop by the / ʃ m / morpheme.
The suffixes -eh and -huah are synonymous variants of one another; consonant-final nouns stems generally select -eh, and vowel-final stems -huah, with some exceptions. The suffix -yoh is subject to progressive assimilation following consonant-final stems, e.g. citlālloh ' starry ' from citlāl-in ' star '. [2]: 100–103
There was a contrast between short consonant sounds, such as the /n/ in banan 'slayers', and long consonant sounds, such as the /nn/ in bannan 'summon': long consonants were represented in writing with double consonant letters. [3] Long consonants are also called geminate consonants (or just "geminates") from the Latin word geminus 'twin ...
For example, the English suffix -s is pronounced [s] when it follows a voiceless phoneme (cats), and [z] when it follows a voiced phoneme (dogs). [1] This type of assimilation is called progressive, where the second consonant assimilates to the first; regressive assimilation goes in the opposite direction, as can be seen in have to [hæftə].