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The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for priming the body for action, particularly in situations threatening survival. [16] One example of this priming is in the moments before waking, in which sympathetic outflow spontaneously increases in preparation for action.
Water tends to be stagnant or may flow slowly on a seasonal basis. [5] In North America, "slough" may refer to a side-channel from or feeding a river, or an inlet or natural channel only sporadically filled with water. [3] An example of this is Finn Slough on the Fraser River, whose lower reaches have dozens of notable sloughs.
The gradual decay in flow after the peaks reflects diminishing supply from groundwater. A hydrograph is a graph showing the rate of flow (discharge) versus time past a specific point in a river, channel, or conduit carrying flow. The rate of flow is typically expressed in units of cubic meters per second (m³/s) or cubic feet per second (cfs).
The high (ineffective) sympathetic activity is thereby modulated by vagal (parasympathetic) outflow leading to excessive slowing of heart rate. The abnormality lies in this excessive vagal response causing loss of blood flow to the brain. [9] The tilt-table test typically evokes the attack.
In a nozzle or other constriction, the discharge coefficient (also known as coefficient of discharge or efflux coefficient) is the ratio of the actual discharge to the ideal discharge, [1] i.e., the ratio of the mass flow rate at the discharge end of the nozzle to that of an ideal nozzle which expands an identical working fluid from the same initial conditions to the same exit pressures.
[2] [3] In hydrology, a water balance equation can be used to describe the flow of water in and out of a system. A system can be one of several hydrological or water domains, such as a column of soil, a drainage basin, an irrigation area or a city. The water balance is also referred to as a water budget. Developing water budgets is a ...
Water flowing in channels comes from surface runoff from adjacent hillslopes, from groundwater flow out of the ground, and from water discharged from pipes. The discharge of water flowing in a channel is measured using stream gauges or can be estimated by the Manning equation. The record of flow over time is called a hydrograph.
A classic estuary has the following components: 1) freshwater inflow with a discharge Q f and a salinity S f (generally S f = 0); 2) oceanic inflow with a discharge Q in and salinity S 0; and 3) outflow to the ocean with a discharge of Q out and a salinity S 1. The inflow and outflow of water is equal because mass is conserved.