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The Weimar Republic, [d] officially known as the German Reich, [e] was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic.
3 November: The mutiny of sailors at Kiel marks the start of the German Revolution of 1918–1919 that brought down the German Empire and led to the founding of the Weimar Republic. [7] 8 November: Kurt Eisner proclaims the Free People's State of Bavaria in Munich. King Ludwig III had fled the city the day before. He was the first of the German ...
Early modern period – The chronological limits of this period are open to debate. It emerges from the Late Middle Ages (c. 1500), demarcated by historians as beginning with the fall of Constantinople in 1453, in forms such as the Italian Renaissance in the West, the Ming dynasty in the East, and the rise of the Aztecs in the New World.
Germans, when referring to the Reich in this period under the Kaisers, 1871 to 1918, typically use the term Kaiserreich. [ 1 ] Federal prince ( Bundesfürst ) was the generic term for the royal heads of state ( monarchs ) of the various states making up the German Empire .
The Lights that Failed: European International History 1919–1933 is the first of two volumes on the political and diplomatic history of Europe between the World Wars (1919–1939) and is part of the Oxford History of Modern Europe series.
1914–1918: Weimar Republic: 1918–1933: Nazi Germany: 1933–1945: ... Marxist-free country without the constraints of the ... so the period became known as the ...
1918 flu pandemic. July 9 – Great Train Wreck of 1918: In Nashville, Tennessee, an inbound local train collides with an outbound express, killing 101 and injuring 171. It is considered the worst rail accident in U.S. history. August – A deadly second wave of the Spanish flu starts in France, Sierra Leone and the United States. [1]
From Weimar to Hitler: Germany, 1918–1933. New York: St. Martin's, 1995. Fischer, Conan. The Rise of the Nazis. Manchester: University of Manchester Press, 1995. Fischer, Fritz. From Kaiserreich to Third Reich: Elements of Continuity in German History 1871-1945 [trans of Bundnis der Eliten]. Winchester MA: Allen and Unwin, 1986. Fischer, Klaus.