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The wildlife of Sri Lanka includes its flora and fauna and their natural habitats. Sri Lanka has one of the highest rates of biological endemism (16% of the fauna and 23% of flowering plants are endemic [ 1 ] ).
The animal life in freshwater comprises a great diversity. The organisms ranging from tiny protozoa to large mammals in size. Sri Lanka is a hydraulic civilization. First civilizations in Sri Lanka were originated closer to main rivers in Sri Lanka such as Mahaweli, Kelani, Malwathu and Gin Ganga.
In January 2019, the new species, P. conniffae was discovered in southern Sri Lanka. [10] Sri Lanka has the highest percentage of extinct and threatened amphibian species in Asia. [2] In the 20th century the country has lost 20% of its amphibians and more than half of the remaining species are on the verge of extinction.
Sri Lankan junglefowl are unique amongst the junglefowl in the brevity of their incubation, which may be as short as 20 days as contrasted with the 21–26 days of the green junglefowl. The chicks require a constant diet of live food, usually insects and isopods such as sowbugs and pillbugs .
Being an island Sri Lanka lacks land area to supports large animals. [3] However fossil evidence of large archaic species of rhinoceroses, hippopotamuses, and lions have been discovered. The flora and fauna of Sri Lanka is mostly understudied. [4] Therefore, the number of endemics could be underestimated.
All wildlife in sanctuaries are protected but the habitat is only protected in state-owned land, allowing human activities to continue on privately owned land. [1] Activities prohibited in sanctuaries include hunting, killing or removing any wild animal; destroying eggs/nests of birds and reptiles; disturbing of wild animals; and interfering in ...
Also the Sri Lanka Forest Department is undertaking a project to promote forest conservation. [9] Other programs put into effect, include a home gardening program that provided patrons with seeds of plants the langurs mainly eat to improve nutrition and help towards the reforestation of their natural habitats.
The Loris, found only in Sri Lanka and South India, is related to the Lemurs of Madagascar. The connection to India led to a commonality of species, e.g. freshwater fish, the now extinct Sri Lankan Gaur (Bibos sinhaleyus) and the Sri Lankan Lion (Panthera leo sinhaleyus). [5] The island was connected, off and on at least 17 times in the past ...