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Motor oil, engine oil, or engine lubricant is any one of various substances used for the lubrication of internal combustion engines. They typically consist of base oils enhanced with various additives, particularly antiwear additives , detergents, dispersants , and, for multi-grade oils, viscosity index improvers .
The oil is contained in a reservoir that connects to a small oil pump in the engine, which needs to be periodically refilled. Oil injection pump on a Yamaha DX100 - just behind the carburettor (visible on the left) It is the primary component of two-stroke automatic lubrication system.
By the 1870s triple-expansion engines were being used on ships. Compound engines allowed ships to carry less coal than freight. [20] Compound engines were used on some locomotives but were not widely adopted because of their mechanical complexity. A very well-designed and built steam locomotive used to get around 7-8% efficiency in its heyday. [21]
Daily oil consumption by region from 1980 to 2006. This is a list of countries by oil consumption. [1] [2] In 2022, the International Energy Agency (IEA) announced that the total worldwide oil consumption would rise by 2% [3] year over year compared to 2021 despite the COVID-19 pandemic. [citation needed]
Fuel consumption monitor from a 2006 Honda Airwave.The displayed fuel economy is 18.1 km/L (5.5 L/100 km; 43 mpg ‑US). A Briggs and Stratton Flyer from 1916. Originally an experiment in creating a fuel-saving automobile in the United States, the vehicle weighed only 135 lb (61.2 kg) and was an adaptation of a small gasoline engine originally designed to power a bicycle.
The following table takes values as an example for the specific fuel consumption of several types of engines. For specific engines values can and often do differ from the table values shown below. Energy efficiency is based on a lower heating value of 42.7 MJ/kg (84.3 g/(kW⋅h)) for diesel fuel and jet fuel , 43.9 MJ/kg (82 g/(kW⋅h)) for ...
Much of the time, automobile engines operate at only a fraction of their maximal efficiency, [33] resulting in lower fuel efficiency (or what is the same thing, higher specific fuel consumption (SFC)). [34]
Engine types vary greatly in a number of different ways: energy efficiency; fuel/propellant consumption (brake specific fuel consumption for shaft engines, thrust specific fuel consumption for jet engines) power-to-weight ratio; thrust to weight ratio; torque curves (for shaft engines), thrust lapse (jet engines)