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An initial value problem is a differential equation ′ = (, ()) with : where is an open set of , together with a point in the domain of (,),called the initial condition.. A solution to an initial value problem is a function that is a solution to the differential equation and satisfies
A singular solution y s (x) of an ordinary differential equation is a solution that is singular or one for which the initial value problem (also called the Cauchy problem by some authors) fails to have a unique solution at some point on the solution. The set on which a solution is singular may be as small as a single point or as large as the ...
This problem, in which an ordinary differential equation is given together with an initial condition, plays a central role in all natural and engineering sciences and is also becoming increasingly important in the economic and social sciences, for example. Initial value problems are used to analyze, simulate or predict dynamic processes. [25]
Solving differential equations is not like solving algebraic equations. Not only are their solutions often unclear, but whether solutions are unique or exist at all are also notable subjects of interest. For first order initial value problems, the Peano existence theorem gives one set of circumstances in which a solution exists.
Now suppose that a consistent linear multistep method is applied to a sufficiently smooth differential equation and that the starting values , …, all converge to the initial value as . Then, the numerical solution converges to the exact solution as h → 0 {\displaystyle h\to 0} if and only if the method is zero-stable.
The method of separation of variables is also used to solve a wide range of linear partial differential equations with boundary and initial conditions, such as the heat equation, wave equation, Laplace equation, Helmholtz equation and biharmonic equation.
In mathematics, a Green's function (sometimes improperly termed a Green function) is the impulse response of an inhomogeneous linear differential operator defined on a domain with specified initial conditions or boundary conditions. This means that if is a linear differential operator, then
Typically, it applies to first-order equations, though in general characteristic curves can also be found for hyperbolic and parabolic partial differential equation. The method is to reduce a partial differential equation (PDE) to a family of ordinary differential equations (ODE) along which the solution can be integrated from some initial data ...