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Potassium binders are medications that bind potassium ions in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby preventing its intestinal absorption. This category formerly consisted solely of polystyrene sulfonate, a polyanionic resin attached to a cation, administered either orally or by retention enema to patients who are at risk of developing hyperkalaemia (abnormal high serum potassium levels).
Measures to remove potassium from the body include diuretics such as furosemide, potassium-binders such as polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, and hemodialysis. [1] Hemodialysis is the most effective method. [3] Hyperkalemia is rare among those who are otherwise healthy. [6]
Polystyrene sulfonate is usually supplied in either the sodium or calcium form. It is used as a potassium binder in acute and chronic kidney disease for people with hyperkalemia (abnormal high blood serum potassium levels). [3] However, it is unclear if it is beneficial and there is concern about possible side effects when it is combined with ...
Several approaches are used to treat hyperkalemia. [13] Other approved potassium binders in the United States include patiromer and sodium polystyrene sulfonate. [14] Hyperkalemia, particularly if severe, is a marker for an increased risk of death. [15] However, there is disagreement regarding whether a modestly elevated levels directly causes ...
Patiromer. Patiromer, sold under the brand name Veltassa, is a medication used to treat high blood potassium. [6] It is taken by mouth. [6] It works by binding potassium in the gut. [7][4] Common side effects include constipation, low blood magnesium, and abdominal pain. [6]
Sevelamer (rINN) is a phosphate binding medication used to treat hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. When taken with meals, it binds to dietary phosphate and prevents its absorption. Sevelamer was invented and developed by GelTex Pharmaceuticals. Sevelamer is marketed by Sanofi under the brand names Renagel (sevelamer ...
Potassium is the main intracellular ion for all types of cells, while having a major role in maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance. [1][2] Potassium is necessary for the function of all living cells, and is thus present in all plant and animal tissues. It is found in especially high concentrations within plant cells, and in a mixed diet ...
The trans-tubular potassium gradient (TTKG) is an index reflecting the conservation of potassium in the cortical collecting ducts (CCD) of the kidneys. It is useful in diagnosing the causes of hyperkalemia or hypokalemia. [1][2] The TTKG estimates the ratio of potassium in the lumen of the CCD to that in the peritubular capillaries.